The majority in Turner v. United States, which included all but Justices Kagan and Ginsburg (Gorsuch did not participate, which means Sotomayor was singing soprano to Alito’s bass), pulled a shrewd move.
The Government does not contest petitioners’ claim that they withheld evidence [that] was “favorable to the defense.” Petitioners and the Government, however, do contest the materiality of the undisclosed Brady information. Such “evidence is ‘material’ . . . when there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” Cone v. Bell, 556 U.S. 449, 469–470. “A ‘reasonable probability’ of a different result” is one in which the suppressed evidence “ ‘undermines confidence in the outcome of the trial.’ ” Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U. S. 419, 434. To make that determination, this Court “evaluate[s]” the withheld evidence “in the context of the entire record.” United States v. Agurs, 427 U. S. 97, 112. Pp. 9–11.
Held? No Brady violation because the favorable evidence deliberately withheld from the defense at trial would not have had a “reasonable probability” of changing the outcome, and was thus not material. See what they did there?
There is an incentive system underlying the majority’s opinion, that if a prosecutor deliberately conceals exculpatory evidence from the defense and obtains a conviction, and decades later, the defense somehow learned of the existence of this withheld Brady (a very unlikely event, but it happens) the worst that can come of it is that the defendants get a new trial, this time with the exculpatory evidence. Continue reading
