After big trials, the media races to interview jurors to get a behind the closed door of the jury room. These interviews rarely reveal much of use or truth, with jurors more inclined to use the opportunity to explain themselves rather than provide meaningful insight. Still, we listen, as we want desperately to understand what the heck jurors are really thinking.
Keith Lee at an Associates Mind sent me a link yesterday to a great post at a blog called Tux Life, where a woman who served as jury foreperson in the trial of a “17-year-old black man — rather, a boy who was 16 when he committed the crime and barely looked 13 even a year later — ” charged with robbery. It’s not clear who the author is, but her account is unassuming, well-written and fascinating.
As they tell you, you’re not allowed to talk about it with anyone, not even your fellow jurors, during the trial. As they also tell you, once the trial is over you can talk about anything you want. So, here goes.
I am one of those civics nerds who does not look for every excuse not to serve on a jury. I was a political science/journalism double-major and, though I’m far away from those in my professional life at this point, I still have a passion for the processes that bring us together as communities, societies and civilizations. I won’t say I wanted to be put on a jury for a criminal case, but when the opportunity arose I certainly welcomed it.
Before delving into the process, it’s notable that she was neither a reluctant juror nor a rabid one, seeking to vindicate some underlying sense of community vengeance or libertarian rage. While there may be no truly neutral person alive, she appears to be as close to open minded as one might hope.
The defendant was one of three alleged assailants in a gunpoint robbery, The only witness was the victim. She describes her impression of the defendant:
[T]his young man, this boy who was nearly in tears as the jury was being picked, this child who dropped out of school in the ninth grade but through a job grew a fondness for cooking and was now working on his GED so he could gain early entry to a community college studying culinary arts, this poor kid who, if guilty, was likely put up to the crime by stronger boys who seemingly didn’t even give him a cut of the stolen merchandise, was facing a minimum sentence of 10 years in prison. Adult prison. At 17 years old. He couldn’t have weighed more than 140 pounds.
It’s unclear how she came to know about the minimum prison sentence, or that this slight boy would be sent to adult prison. It’s also fascinating that she assumed that he didn’t get his cut, though clearly she doesn’t know that to be the case.
The prosecution’s case, which our juror recites with some detail, is built on the purported victim’s eyewitness testimony, with some holes, most notably relating to the defendant’s hair, which the victim claims was in “twists” while the defendant’s witness, his mother, says his hair was never in twists. The defense is mistaken identification, which is particularly curious given the juror’s apparent acceptance of the fact that the defendant did, in fact, commit the crime, as evidenced by her assumption that he was denied his cut of the proceeds.
She took her responsibility seriously:
We were admonished to consider all of the facts but nothing outside of them. Don’t consider the sentence, or the age, or the race, or anything unrelated to what we heard while sitting in the juror box. Just focus on the facts that are presented. Yet, we were also told, time and again, that our Constitution is absolutely unwavering in its mission to protect the innocent, that no matter how clear-cut the evidence may seem, the burden of proof in criminal cases always, always, always falls on the prosecution. The boy sitting in that chair next to a pair of public defenders, possibly wearing borrowed clothes to look presentable in court, is innocent until he is proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
Yet there’s no aspect of her description that ignores her sense of empathy, wonderful it you have a sympathetic defendant.
Then comes the deliberations.
So we deliberated on these facts. In the jury room and finally free to talk about the case, I repeated the keys to our responsibility as best and as evenly as I could. We must be sure one way or the other, I said. We must remember that the burden lies with the state, not the defense. We must review all testimony and make a determination of whose story is the truth, or at least closest to the truth. I told them that while I wanted to get out of there as soon as possible just as they did, that we owed it to the defendant, the victim, and ourselves to take it seriously.
It’s always been my experience that jurors take the responsibility seriously, though that doesn’t necessarily mean that they grasp the task, determining whether the prosecution has met its burden. Even in this description, where she expressly notes that the burden is with the state, she sees the duty as determining “whose story is the truth,” which places a shared burden on both sides.
So we voted. Five guilty, seven not guilty. Those who voted guilty said the phone records and positive ID were damning, that you couldn’t not consider that as enough to prove the defendant was there and, therefore, guilty. Those who voted not guilty, of which I was one, were just not convinced “beyond a reasonable doubt.”
So, after more reviewing and arguing, some of it heated, we voted again. Nine not guilty, three guilty. While we seemed to be getting closer to that ever-elusive unanimous decision, we were actually further from it. Of the three who voted guilty, one seemed to be slightly on the fence if only because he was willing to discuss the case further — and in fact, he later said he would change his vote. The two others were digging in and shutting themselves off. They refused to talk about it and, finally, one told me to go tell the judge we were hung because there was no way she was changing her mind.
As often happens, barely two hours into deliberations, positions were entrenched.
I asked her to share her reasons for thinking he’s guilty,.. She refused, said that she didn’t have to share her reasons, that she just knew he was guilty. In retrospect, it was unfair of me to ask her. Not everyone reaches conclusions in the same way and not everyone can articulate why they feel a certain way about something. She had made up her mind. She hadn’t done it unreasonably. She’d just done it.
While ironic, in that it’s usually the “not guilty” side who is placed in the position of providing a reason, this is a fascinating recognition, in that a “reasonable doubt” doesn’t require that a juror be capable of articulating the reason. While it was hardly unfair to ask, it was entirely within the juror’s right to refuse to respond.
And so the note went to the judge, informing that the jury was hung. This, sadly, is where the experience goes awry:
It turns out we wouldn’t get a chance to see any changes of heart. Just as I was finishing up the reading of the rules and we were getting ready to call it quits for the day, the judge stepped in to the deliberation room and informed us that a plea bargain had been reached.
The prosecution blinked and offered the defendant a juvenile disposition, which he took.
So there you have it. Unbeknownst to the 12 of us, we were playing out a script to the letter. Our inability to reach an accord…was not a failure per se but actually set in motion a chain of events that allowed all parties to get the something if not good then at least reasonable for all involved from an otherwise terrible situation.
Having heard the evidence and experienced deliberations, our juror saw the process as having worked, despite the fact that it appears, from her own description, that a young man who should have been acquitted ended up taking a plea to avoid the risk.
All I could think as I walked to my car after being excused was this: from chaos comes order…What you truly have is a proverbial sausage factory: it’s incredibly messy, nothing seems to make sense, nothing looks good or reasonable or even real, but at the end of the line there is something like justice. It doesn’t always look right. It doesn’t always feel right. It doesn’t even always taste right. But it’s at least palatable.
For all the empathy, and eventual doubt in the prosecution’s proof, she doesn’t have any qualms about the possibility that a boy will be saddled with a criminal conviction for the rest of his life, a boy who she believed was not proven guilty.
On the one hand, our jury foreperson has all the qualities one might hope for in a juror, from real empathy to a firm grasp of the seriousness of her responsibility. And yet, she readily accepted the outcome of a process that may well have convicted an innocent boy, it never having occurred to her that the defendant’s acceptance of the plea, as well as her acceptance of his guilt despite her doubt in the proof, had no inherent relation to truth or guilt, but only sausage making. That was good enough. Fascinating.
