Shirts And Skins

The “free the nipple” movement is one that a very diverse group of people can support. Some for the right reason. Some for their own reasons. For obvious reasons, you pigs. This is not, as some might surmise, about women whose deepest desire is to walk around without wearing a shirt (or blouse, for the purists out there).

Rather, it had historically been the crime of indecent exposure for women to publicly bare their nipples. Men could go shirtless all they wanted. Boys divided into skins and shirts for basketball teams in gym class. Women would get arrested. Equal protection, right?

But the argument for prudes was that women and men were different. Nobody gave a damn if a guy’s nipple was out there, while female breasts were objects of sexual desire, and so exposing them would inflame the hormonal masses. Or, at least, this was what prim and proper folks believed, and those pearl-clutchers had breasts of varying size of their own. While we may not be a society founded in religion (hi, Sharia folks), the Puritans had their influence on the law.

Colorado District Court Judge R. Brooke Jackson called bullshit* on a Fort Collins, Colorado, law that perpetuated the criminalization of the female nipple.

U.S. District Court Judge R. Brooke Jackson granted an injunction Wednesday halting a Fort Collins ordinance that prohibited women from showing their breasts in public, saying it discriminated against women and perpetuated stereotypes that sexualized female breasts.

“I find that the ordinance discriminates against women based on the generalized notion that, regardless of a woman’s intent, the exposure of her breasts in public (or even in her private home if viewable by the public) is necessarily a sexualized act,” Jackson wrote. “Thus, it perpetuates a stereotype engrained in our society that female breasts are primarily objects of sexual desire whereas male breasts are not.”

That the ordinance facially violated Equal Protection, in that it criminalized conduct by women that was totally lawful for men, is one thing. The rationale, however, wasn’t grounded in the usual Equal Protection Clause argument, but rather went below the surface into the justification for why such ordinances exist.

Judge Jackson’s ruling appears to go less toward a rote Equal Protection application, and more toward the underlying cause for such unequal laws to exist in the first place.

In his decision, Jackson ruled against the city’s claims that law maintained public order and protected children. He also ruled against their contention that the order did not discriminate because male and female breasts are different, therefore do not raise an equal protection issue.

The primary difference between male and female breasts is the ability to breastfeed. Beyond that, an expert testified in court that breasts are similarly situated. The court noted physical differences but said that was not enough to warrant different treatment from the government.

In fighting “Free The Nipple’s” suit, Fort Collins tried to paint its facial discrimination in the most soothing possible colors, but Judge Jackson wasn’t biting on the “do it for the children” gambit. Characterizing it as “maintaining order” doesn’t change the real motivations for the law: boobies are so, you know, sexual.

But at the same time, Judge Jackson’s application of scrutiny to the justification raises problems of its own.

Thus, it perpetuates a stereotype engrained in our society that female breasts are primarily objects of sexual desire whereas male breasts are not.

This is certainly true, but does a judge have the authority, the ability, to change a stereotype? If a guy sees a woman’s breasts, must he admonish himself not to be aroused to avoid violating Judge Jackson’s order?

The fact remains that arousal happens. It happens whether people want it to or not, and while we can debate until the cows come home whether it’s nature or nurture, what cannot be done is eliminate it by judicial fiat. No matter how strict an order, how clear a rationale, guys are going to be aroused by things that arouse them. Two things in particular in this case, if that’s your things.

But the inclusion of the word “stereotype” in his rationale raises a distinct issue. Does the male sexual interest in breasts arise because of an “engrained” stereotype? Is this sexual interest merely a “widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea”? Stereotypes may be gross generalizations, but they arise from experience and are generally well-founded. They may not be accurate in every instance, or in their entirety, but without stereotypes, we would be bumping into walls constantly. No one can intimately know every other person, and so we rely on generalizations of necessity.

But stereotypes refer to others. Whether women view breasts as objects of sexual desire doesn’t really matter to guys; guys will be aroused regardless. As the great philosopher, M.C. Hammer said, “can’t touch this.”

Ruling that the criminalization of the exposure of female breasts is unconstitutional under Equal Protection analysis is certainly the correct one. Under intermediate scrutiny, there is no justification for distinguishing the exposure of a male nip from a female. They’re just body parts, and the person on whom they exist isn’t responsible for how other people react to them.

Yet, to suggest, as Judge Jackson does, that he can order males not to be aroused by two things that arouse them goes a step too far, and isn’t necessary for the ruling in any event. If the prudes who want to criminalize exposure of female breasts can’t bear the idea of women on the skins team, then they don’t have to look.

Chances are that most women will choose not to strut about in the course of a normal day shirtless, because they are well aware of the fact that guys will notice and react in a way that will make them uncomfortable. That’s not a stereotypical problem. It’s just how it is. Nature doesn’t change to suit the demands of Equal Protection, and no judge can effectively order it to do so.

*When written, it was based on the Denver Post’s story of the decision. The actual opinion is now available here, courtesy of Jim Tyre.

23 thoughts on “Shirts And Skins

  1. REvers

    Of course it’s a stereotype. There are two of them, after all.

    The real problem arises when you have to adjust the balance.

  2. Zack

    Sex-based (gender-based?) discrimination claims get intermediate scrutiny, right? Unless there’s a fundamental right involved here that I’m missing. (I would love to read a Justice Scalia dissent about the fundamental right to go topless in public.)

  3. Keith

    Rather, it had historically been the crime of indecent exposure for women to publicly bare their nipples. Men could go shirtless all they wanted.

    “Historically”, can be an interesting word.

    1. SHG Post author

      So when Jim Tyre doesn’t show up to orthogonally mention irrelevant factoids, you feel compelled to fill the gap? Wonderful.

  4. PAV

    We naked apes each have our peacock feathers, and it doesn’t take much thinking to figure out what they are, based on the regard we grant them. Every other mammal on Earth demonstrates on the regular that a life-long case of a big rack (with its potential back pain and other inconveniences) isn’t necessary for breastfeeding. This is not a stereotype. It’s just something certain brands of feminists don’t like.

    Right outcome, woefully wrong and nutcase way to get there.

    1. SHG Post author

      Damn, you figured out that this wasn’t at all about Judge Jackson’s decision in Colorado, but about Germany. Nothing gets by you. Yes, the Germans. It’s all about the Germans.

  5. Matt

    “‘Thus, it perpetuates a stereotype engrained in our society that female breasts are primarily objects of sexual desire whereas male breasts are not.’
    This is certainly true, but does a judge have the authority, the ability, to change a stereotype? If a guy sees a woman’s breasts, must he admonish himself not to be aroused to avoid violating Judge Jackson’s order?”

    I thought the judge’s statement was addressing the fact that a woman’s breasts are stereotypically seen as “primarily” an object of sexual desire, not whether they are an object of sexual desire at all. Of course female breasts are an object of sexual desire, but so are male breasts. However, the sexual desire associated with the male chest is never a factor in public indecency laws, because of the stereotype which the judge is addressing. So the man on the street is free to be aroused by a woman’s breasts, but that does not make their display inherently sexual.

        1. SHG Post author

          Same thing = equally. I know, if you shut your eyes tight enough, then word mean whatever you want them to mean, no matter how ridiculously stupid it seems. Now, about where you’re standing, unless you’re the center of the universe, no one gives a shit.

  6. OEH

    This has been the law in New York for some time, though I’ve occasionally heard it given as an example for how the New York Constitution grants significantly more liberties than the US Constitution (or used to).

  7. Lucas Beauchamp

    His honor writes about female breasts being primarily objects of sexual desire as if it’s a bad thing.

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