Who Needs Circuit Courts?

Does the Impoundment Control Act get your heart pumping? Not likely, and yet another ruling without rational on the Supreme Court’s shadow docket makes it a far bigger deal than one might imagine. At issue was $4 billion that Congress allocated to foreign aid, but that Trump decided not to spend because it didn’t fit his agenda. The funds were impounded, pursuant to 2 USC Chapter 17B, which would otherwise put the question back to Congress to decide whether to rescind its earlier allocation, as the president requests, or to tell the president to spend it as Congress determined.

Except Congress did nothing with the recission request, because that’s what this Congress does best, and when the fiscal year expires, the money will disappear, mooting the question. See how sexy this is?

The beneficiaries of the funding sued to compel Trump to pay the money out. The district court said do it. The circuit court refused the governments request for a stay. And to the Supreme Court they went. You’ll never guess what happened there.

On September 3, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia entered a preliminary injunction directing the Executive to obligate roughly $10.5 billion of appropriated aid funding set to expire on September 30. Of that $10.5 billion, $4 billion was proposed to be rescinded in a “special message” transmitted pursuant to the Impoundment Control Act. See 2 U. S. C. §681 et seq. After the District Court and the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit denied stays of that order, the Government filed this application to stay the District Court’s injunction. The application for stay presented to THE CHIEF JUSTICE and by him referred to the Court is granted. The Government, at this early stage, has made a sufficient showing that the Impoundment Control Act precludes respondents’ suit, brought pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act, to enforce the appropriations at issue here. The Government has also  made a sufficient showing that mandamus relief is unavailable to respondents. And, on the record before the Court, the asserted harms to the Executive’s conduct of foreign affairs appear to outweigh the potential harm faced by respondents. This order should not be read as a final determination on the merits. The relief granted by the Court today reflects our preliminary view, consistent with the standards for interim relief.

Yet again, the Supreme Court ruled without ruling, but effectively allowing Trump the line item veto. Except there is no law giving the president the line item veto. The trick now is for the president to just decide which congressionally appropriated funds he likes and which he doesn’t, and spend accordingly. It’s almost as if Trump ignored the Tik Tok Law time after time.

But what has become increasingly notable is that the Supreme Court, in summarily flipping the rulings of the circuit courts of appeal without so much as a hat tip to a rule or rationale, has pretty much rendered the courts impotent and pointless. The circuit courts make their decisions after the issues are fully briefed and the matter argued. The circuit courts take their time to consider the issues and write opinions, often quite lengthy, explaining why they ruled as they did.

And then the Supreme Court gets an application on the shadow docket and, without briefing, argument, conference or time for serious consideration, issues cursory rulings, often flying in the face of long-standing precedent like Humphrey’s Executor, without the tiresome bother of explanation.

So circuit does deep dive and writes thoughtful opinions. Supremes shrug and go “nah.” In this case, the Supreme Court didn’t even have the benefit of a fully-fleshed out circuit decision before deciding.

As even that much suggests, this case is not a likely candidate for a grant of emergency relief. Per usual on our emergency docket, we have had to consider this application on a short fuse—less than three weeks. We have done so with scant briefing, no oral argument, and no opportunity to deliberate in conference. Because of how this case came to us, we likewise do not have the benefit of a pertinent court of appeals decision, much less a set of decisions expressing different views. In a few weeks’ time—when we turn to our regular docket—we will decide cases of far less import with far more process and reflection. The Court today carries on regardless, staying the District Court’s ruling that the Executive must obligate the disputed funds. To its credit, the majority emphasizes in its order that it has reached only a “preliminary view” of the issues raised, which should not be read as a “final determination on the merits.” Ante, at 1. But even at that, the majority goes too far. The Executive has not met our standard for emergency relief—the appropriately high bar we have erected because a stay like this one disrupts “the ordinary processes of administration and judicial review.” Nken v. Holder, 556 U. S. 418, 427 (2009). The Executive has not “made a strong showing that [it] is likely to succeed on the merits.” Id., at 426. Nor has it shown that, in the absence of relief, it will suffer irreparable harm. We therefore should have denied this application, allowed the lower courts to go forward, and ensured that the weighty question presented here receives the consideration it deserves.

As Justice Robert Jackson astutely noted, “We are not final because we are infallible, but we are infallible only because we are final.” The justices of the Supreme Court have shown cavalier disrespect to the studious decisions of a slew of circuit courts now, These circuit judges aren’t some bunch of slackers and fools, even if there is an occasional bum in the bunch, and yet their efforts are shown no comity by a Court that can’t even be bothered to fully consider a case before reversing the circuit court’s determination.


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4 thoughts on “Who Needs Circuit Courts?

  1. Skink

    This is all-around strange. The majority goes for the stay on almost no record and in the face of longstanding and meaningful precedent. Stays are supposed to be rare–like only for clear fuck-ups of great magnitude. Emergency stays are rarer, like hen’s teeth, as great deference must be given to the lower courts. After all, they had a record to work with.

    But there’s more. The dissent almost ignores the issue of propriety. There’s much more discussion regarding the statutes in play, with stay law earning but a single citation. Isn’t that the real issue to be addressed? Shouldn’t the dissent be all about why it’s being done and why it’s not an emergency?

    I can’t shake the feeling that something else, something not immediately logical is driving government. The administration does what it wants, often without authority. But the activity is not directed the meaningful issues of the administration. Instead, the issues are outside the influence of the administration, not big issues of government, or are personal. It’s all, “look at this shiny thing,” while the big issues get lip-service.

    Congress sits idle, even in session. There should be a constitutional crisis–the meat is certainly there–but that takes congressional involvement. It seems that issue isn’t of enough import. Why not? Is there something else driving the inertia? Is there something looming that would be made far-worse by addressing the overreach of the administration?

    The justices see what’s happening, but sit on their hands. They don’t address what is the core reason for their existence–keeping the branches in their lawful lanes. The reason for this isn’t political, as it involves the Court’s basic operation, especially when it comes to use of the shadow docket or the implementation of any stay. Why are they unwilling to enter the fray? Why won’t they address the issues sitting on the tip of their noses?

    The administration is delinquent; the others are derelict to the delinquency. What drives this?

  2. Chris_Halkides

    Food and medicine that is not distributed must frequently be destroyed. Once a clinical trial is paused, it cannot simply be restarted. Such events have happened with respect to our foreign aid in 2025, yet nothing in the reporting on this case that I have read suggests that the Supreme Court gave any consideration to problems like these.

  3. Pedantic Grammar Police

    I heartily approve of Trump’s goal here. If a government is going to take money from its citizens at gunpoint, it has an obligation to spend that money in ways that benefit those citizens. I don’t feel very benefitted by transgender clinics in Sri Lanka. I’d like to see all foreign aid stopped immediately and that money spent here in the US (or taxes reduced).

    Unfortunately, the law is very clear. It only gives the president the right to propose a recission, and the recission only takes effect if congress approves it within 45 days. Section 683(b) clarifies further, that the funds must be “obligated” if not rescinded by congress within 45 days. It appears that the administration concedes (or at least doesn’t argue against) the claim that they are acting illegally. They only claim that the section allowing the Comptroller General to sue precludes anyone else from suing, even though it expressly says that it doesn’t.

    So the majority opinion is just talking nonsense when it says “The Government, at this early stage, has made a sufficient showing”.

    It’s a mystery to me, why the republican-controlled congress didn’t immediately rescind the requested funds, but they didn’t, and so by law, the money must be turned over to the scam artists and NGO money laundering operations for whom it was intended. The Supreme court saved the taxpayers $4 billion with this ruling, but the credibility that they lose with such a transparently wrong decision is probably more valuable.

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