Case or Cause: Blaming the Lawyer

Over at Volokh Conspiracy, Orin Kerr writes about the 11th Circuit’s decision in United States v. Rodriguez, the latest decision on the crime of exceeding authorization in the use of a computer, per the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 18 U.S.C. 1030.

Belying the decision is a Social Security Administration employee, Roberto Rodriguez, who looked up 17 people on his government computer to, well, you know, just find out what they were up to.  Curiosity may kill the cat, but got Rodriguez fired and convicted.  The circuit affirmed.

Orin’s issue isn’t so much with poor Mr. Rodriguez and the 12 month sentence he received, but with the lackluster decision.

The phrase “exceed authorized access” is a defined phrase, but unfortunately the definition is circular. According to 18 U.S.C. 1030(e)(6), “exceeds authorized access” means “to access a computer with authorization and to use such access to obtain or alter information in the computer that the accesser is not entitled to obtain or alter.” That’s not a very helpful definition, if you think about it.

The missing aspect of the definition is what principle governs authorization (or entitlement, if you prefer). Is it just the computer owner’s say so? Does it require the computer owner to put up some sort of password gate that limits authorization? How do you know what you’re entitled to do for purposes of the criminal law?

An exercise ensues, listing 8 options that all reflect an excess of authority, but along the spectrum of excess that most would consider serious enough to be criminal and trivial enough to be good for a laugh.  The problem, of course, is that they all fall within the plain language of the statute, and only by courtesy of the prosecution does it not result in indictment.  Relying on the kindness of the government is not a sound foundation for criminal law.

Orin’s discussion covers his issues well, and there’s no need to revisit it here.  But there is an aspect of concern expressed by Orin that compels me to write.

State and federal prosecutors have shown that they’re willing to take favorable precedents like Rodriguez and run with them through the different scenarios. Given that, it’s troubling to me when a court endorses the government’s theory in a case like this without any apparent realization of where the government is going next or the broader possible impact of the decision. To be clear, I’m not blaming the panel: This was a very strong panel; the opinion was authored by an excellent judge; and the facts of this case were pretty egregious. But I think the issue is a bit more complicated than the opinion suggests, and it’s frustrating when defense attorneys don’t successfully bring out these complications in ways that judges can factor in to their decisions.
The issue is, I agree, more complicated that the opinion suggests.  So how does that become the fault of the defense lawyers?

The problem is one of case versus cause.  While I haven’t seen the brief on behalf of Rodriguez, and it may be brilliant or miserably bad (it doesn’t really matter), the attorney(s) charged with representing him on appeal are dealing with the life of a specific individual, Roberto Rodriguez.  It’s neither their job, nor their concern, to argue the theoretical viability and limitations of an overbroad, poorly drafted and as yet unclarified law, disconnected from the issues raised in the defense of their client.

That’s what lawprofs are for.  Where are the amicus briefs raising arguments relating to the very significant issues that concern Orin?  Sure, the parameters of this terribly written law need to be set, and set wisely enough that the absurd examples of criminality created by third party fiat don’t result in similarly absurd prosecutions.  But that isn’t going to help Rodriguez much, since his conduct was pretty egregious and certainly fell well within what most would believe to be appropriate parameters.

From the outside, we are often concerned with the significance of decisions for future purpose.  How will it apply to other, less egregious, situations?  What does it mean in the big picture?  I have a rule here that commenters aren’t allowed to include links in the body of comments.  Under this decision, you are committing a crime if you do so.  Don’t worry, I won’t rat you out, but you get the point.  The law is lousy and needs limits.

Yet shifting the duty to get a thoughtful, indeed helpful, decision out of the circuit to the shoulders of the criminal defense lawyer is out of line.  Years ago, when I was amicus chair for the NYSACDL, these were the types of cases I would seek out so that the Association could put in its two cents on the bigger issue that fell outside the realm of the specifics of the case.  We recognized that the lawyers representing the appellant had a different focus than others watching from the wings.  We picked up the slack for the sake of the law.

So where are all the concerned, brilliant law professors who can file dozens of briefs whenever a second amendment case rears its ugly head, but are nowhere to be found when the case is about internet crime?  Grading blue books?  Fair enough.  We all have other things to do, even practicing lawyers who write amicus briefs for the love of the law.  Remember, there’s no tenure for practicing lawyers.

I take no issue with Orin’s characterization of the panel who decided Rodriguez as being “very strong,” or that the author of the opinion is “excellent.”  But he forgives the panel its trespasses because of this, thus needing a scapegoat for the decision.  As usual, the criminal defense lawyer gets the blame.

Maybe they could have done a better job, arguing the issues that still taint this law.  Like Orin, I would certainly like some clarification of whether my errant commenters are susceptible to prosecution, just in case they annoy me too much.  But if scholars want to find fault here, look in the mirror. 

Don’t blame the appellant’s lawyer because they didn’t fight for the cause.  They represent the defendant.  If you want a better argument for the cause, make it yourself.

Why They’re Called “Civil Lawyers”

Any criminal defense lawyer who has suffered through a civil deposition knows that “civil lawyers” are not like us.  It’s long been my theory that this is all about displaced anger at the fact that they tell people at cocktail parties that they’re litigators, but know in their hearts that they couldn’t find the courthouse with a map.  They are ashamed of their deception, their pretense. 

When they get the opportunity to play “tough” lawyer, this seething anger and shame within surfaces.  They go bonkers at depositions over nothing to prove how macho they are.  They argue motions over discovery deadlines as if lives are in the balance.  And they treat each other like dirt.  Or in St. Petersburg, worse than dirt.

From the St. Petersburg Times:

The e-mail messages show two lawyers trying to schedule hearings and depositions for a lawsuit. They can’t agree on dates, or much of anything else.

Then it gets ugly.


Tampa lawyer Nicholas F. Mooney calls his opponent a jerk and a “junior lawyer.” Palmetto lawyer Kurt D. Mitchell questions Mooney’s mental health. The name-calling continues over six months.


Jerk?  Junior?  Seriously?  If you’re going to smack each other, you need to do a whole lot better than that.  And they did.


Mooney said his caseload includes more than 200 cases, “many of which were more important/significant than these little Mag Moss claims that are handled by bottom feeding/scum sucking/loser lawyers like yourself.”

What do you call it when a lawyer calls another lawyer a “bottom feeding/scum sucking/loser lawyer”?  A start.



In October, the insults got truly personal. Mitchell said he was looking online for a mental disability based on Mooney’s “symptoms,” such as “closely spaced eyes, dull blank stare, bulbous head, lying and inability to tell fiction from reality.” Mooney, who said his son has a birth defect, called Mitchell a jerk and suggested he look in the mirror for signs of mental disability. “Then check your children (if they are even yours. … Better check the garbage man that comes by your trailer to make sure they don’t look like him).”


Mitchell’s reply: “While I am sorry to hear about your disabled child; that sort of thing is to be expected when a retard reproduces. … Do not hate me, hate your genetics. However, I would look at the bright side, at least you definitely know the kid is yours.”


Decorum generally suggests that one draw the line at a disabled child. Not a chance.  Not only does Mitchell refuse to back off in the face of Mooney’s disabled child, but he seizes upon it as the launching pad for his next round of smacks. 

Some may see this as two lawyers who are overly antagonistic, immature and lacking in the judgment normally found in a rock.  Not me.  I see this as the by-product of the civil litigator syndrome, where machismo lacks a viable outlet and ends up spewing all over a professional relationship.  And some thing us criminal lawyers have disagreements.  We’re boy scouts, I tell ya.

And so, I offer some unsolicited advice to Messrs Mitchell and Mooney.  Nobody wins anything by writing nasty emails.  Mud wrestling is where real men prove the mettle.

And the State of Florida wasn’t impressed either.

After two complaints by the Florida Bar, Mitchell was suspended for 10 days and was ordered to attend an anger management class. Mooney gets a public reprimand and must take a class on professionalism.

I understand that private anger management classes are available from  Brian Tannebaum to members of the bar at a very reasonable fee, and will be  conducted on twitter in order to make sure that the public reprimand if as public as it gets.

ABA To Potential Law Students: Do You Like To Eat?

To anyone who’s graduated from law school in the past few years, read a blawg or can walk and chew gum at the same time, the evidence is overwhelming that becoming a lawyer will not guarantee you wealth and success.  Yes, mommy lied.  Get over it.

The American Bar Association has finally decided to bring up the rear. warning Muffy and Buffy that law school isn’t as sweet a route as it once was.  To begin with, they have just figured out that law school isn’t cheap.


Obtaining a degree from an ABA-accredited law school is not cheap. Over the last twenty-five years, law school tuition has consistently risen two times as fast as inflation. Consequently, the average tuition at private law schools in 2008 was $34,298, while the average in-state tuition for public law schools was $16,836. When one adds books and living expenses to tuition, the average public law student borrows $71,436 for law school, while the average private school student borrows $91,506. Many students borrow far more than $100,000, and these numbers do not even include debt that students may still carry from their undergraduate years.

 And, they add, it’s not likely to get any cheaper.  At the same time:


Many prospective law students are already familiar with the steep price of a legal education. What many do not know, however, is that these costs often exceed the expected return on their investment in the job market.

For those who couldn’t stay awake through their economics lectures, this isn’t a good thing.  As investments go, it’s generally preferred that they earn more money than they cost.


Although numbers are not available yet, many members of the class of 2010 and 2011 may graduate without a job, and those who are lucky enough to find employment likely will collectively have lower salaries than their predecessors. In short, the job market is more challenging than it has been in many years, as well-paying jobs are in short supply.

So when they’re talking about cost exceeding earnings, they really mean unemployment.  Generally speaking, an income of zero is never something to strive for, no less invest in.

In a section entitled “The Bottom Line,” a very cute economic reference for those who didn’t catch it, they conclude:


Thus, many students start out in a position from which it may be difficult to recoup their investment in legal education. Even students who do ultimately prosper over the course of a career face difficulties from high debt loads during the beginning of their career. High debt can limit career choices, prevent employment in the public service sector, or delay home ownership or marriage. In short, going to law school can bring more financial difficulty than many law students expect.

Buried in there is the good news, that people too stupid to figure all of this out are unlikely to marry and thus procreate, saving us from generations of lawyer welfare, a cycle no society can endure.  But there’s the positive spin to the otherwise ugly story.


The lack of financial return, of course, does not mean that it is not valuable to go to law school. Many lawyers receive intrinsic benefits from a satisfying career that cannot easily be quantified. It does mean, however, that students should think twice before going to law school simply for the money. All too often, students who bank on reaping a positive financial return from law school lose out.

The point isn’t novel, that law school can be a fine place to go if the purpose is to actually become a lawyer rather than to gain wealth and success without suffering the late nights of med school.  Of course, even those young lawyers who truly want to practice law share a common need with those who are only doing it for the money and prestige:  They like to eat.

Missing from this otherwise well-worn analysis is the harsh fact that the cost of three years of law school (which, remember, is only going up because, well, law school is a cash cow for universities and law students are foolish enough to keep coming and paying with the blessing of student loans), plus the opportunity costs of three years sitting in a classroom listening to lawprofs who disdain the actual teaching of law in favor of critical scholarship based on the Harry Potter series, does nothing to produce a career that can feed ones children.

Even if you really, really want to be a lawyer, your kids are going to want to eat.  Every day, And they’re going to expect you to make enough money to feed them.  Loving the law is nice (no, really it is), but if those who love being a lawyer can’t earn enough money to both pay off their loans and feed the kids, then we have an institutional problem and some very hungry kids.

As thoughtful as it is that the ABA has finally decided to hop on board the train that left the station a couple of years ago, nowhere in its warning does it mention its role in this dilemma.  Too many law school.  Too many law students.  Law porn enticing the foolish to come closer to the rocky shoals with deceptive numbers of happy and wealthy graduates produced by kindly deans who need to bulk up their numbers to cover the cost of flights to lawprof symposiums on how to make the law students’ experience happier.

The ABA has the power to require law schools to put a surgeon general’s warning on their brochures: Attending law school could be harmful to your financial health.  They don’t.  The ABA could stop authorizing new law schools, because maybe there aren’t enough starving lawyers already.  They don’t.  The ABA could restrict the number of seats available through the accreditation process.  They don’t. 

The analysis offered by this warning, sadly, fails to address a more pressing problem within the profession, that there are already a large pool of lawyers who are drowning.  Practicing lawyers aren’t earning enough to support their debt and, even worse, feed their children.  This is the ugly little secret that few really want to admit; Many lawyers would rather pretend their doing great than concede that they are dying out there, desperately praying that the phone will ring today and bring in a case that will cover their nut and maybe, just maybe, leave enough left over to pay the credit card bill for those Christmas presents. 

They’re sitting around scratching their heads, wondering how they can be such good, dedicated, caring lawyers, and can’t make enough money to survive.  You think it’s not happening?  What do you think is driving so many lawyers, filled with bravado, to put on their hot pants and walk the boulevard?  Whining about their desperation isn’t going to win them any business, but they sit in their lonely offices wondering what went so wrong with their plans and dreams that they can’t manage to feed the kids.

Maybe the ABA will form a committee to study the problem and come out with a white paper on the pressing issue of starving lawyers.  Now that they’ve solved the law student problem, they’ve got the time on their hands.  Plenty of free time.

A New Crime Greets The New Year

The wild west of the internet just got a little less wild, though it remains decidedly west.  California’s SB 1411 goes into effect today, making it a crime for you to be me (and vice versa).  It could cost your friendly neighborhood sockpuppet $1000 and a year in jail.  It remains unclear whether there will be special jails for sockpuppets, given that they can slip through the bars.

The  law prohibits impersonating someone else online.


THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS:


SECTION 1. Section 528.5 is added to the Penal Code, to read:

528.5. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person who knowingly and without consent credibly impersonates another actual person through or on an Internet Web site or by other electronic means for purposes of harming, intimidating, threatening, or defrauding another person is guilty of a public offense punishable pursuant to subdivision (d).

(b) For purposes of this section, an impersonation is credible if another person would reasonably believe, or did reasonably believe, that the defendant was or is the person who was impersonated.


As is generally the case, intent will be established backward, presumed by the conduct engaged and the result produced.  We can’t see into a person’s mind, obviously, so we pretend that people intend the natural consequences of his act as seen from the outside.  Nothing new here.

The four purposes enumerated, “harming, intimidating, threatening, or defrauding,” cover the whole spectrum of possibility, largely due to the vagary and breadth of the initial work, “harming,” with the following words consumed within it.  The use of such a broad catch-all enables prosecutors to manufacture harm out of anything.


“Your honor, the defendant’s outrageous sockpuppetry has cause the victim to lose sleep, feel badly about himself, refuse to wear clothing that makes him appear pear-shaped and no longer desire to eat his favorite confection, bon-bons, all to his terrible harm.  The defendant is an animal and must be punished!”

The balance of this new crime comes not from the breadth of its coverage, but its requirement that the impersonation is “credible.”  This is defined as, “if another person would reasonably believe, or did reasonably believe,” a hybrid definition that incorporates the reasonable man standard with the dumbest moron on the internet standard.  My mother-in-law still secretly believes she’s the heir to a Nigerian kingdom, as do thousand of others.  Despite unanimous disagreement, she believes she’s reasonable.

In time, there’s a fairly decent chance that this will change, but at the moment, it seems impossible to reach a reasonable man consensus on the question of credibility.  For those who are digital natives, their grasp of internet use is fundamentally different than fertile octogenarians. 

Does this leave it to judge as gatekeeper (OMG) to decide credibility, or the median age of the jury?  One person’s joke is another’s sleepless night.   Do you truly believe that a jury can’t be constructed that believes impersonation is what makes  Keanu Sad?

The statutory prohibition makes no pretense of taking into account issues of free speech.  As Michael Arrington at  TechCrunch states:


Free speech issues, including satire and parody, aren’t addressed in the text of the bill. The courts will likely sort it out. Hopefully without my direct participation.

While we’re all, no doubt, in agreement on that last sentence, this isn’t quite the best practice for crafting laws that pass constitutional muster.  No decent satire or parody works without a bit of sting; that would be “harm” for those of you who don’t think with a prosecutorial mindset.

And yet, there’s a certain benefit to the creation of this California law that wouldn’t have occurred to me six months ago.  In light of the conviction of  Raphael  Golb in New York by cobbling together a fraud out of existing statutes and ignoring the elements that don’t fit digital reality, we’ve seen the harm that can happen when crimes are manufactured in the trenches rather than legislative hallways. 

At least SB 1411 tries to craft some parameters to establish the elements of the offense.  In the absence of such an effort, we can end up with a crime with no parameters at all.  Without elements, even vague elements and criteria that depend largely on how little one knows about trends online, there is something to argue about and again.  Without them, we’re just pissing in the wind.

Efforts to craft laws to address some of the nasty and destructive things people can do online are here, and will continue to grow.  There are people who are using the internet to harm others, to steal from others, to cause terrible and unjustifiable harm to others.  This isn’t a joke, and it is certainly happening.

That doesn’t mean that it’s easy to do.  The target is constantly moving, and even a deep appreciation of life on the internet, something that few legislators or judges have, won’t necessarily make one adept at putting into meaningful words the things that should constitute a crime.  Promises that prosecutors will exercise discretion in its enforcement bring little comfort, even though we can all agree that if we can’t trust prosecutors, who can we trust?

Expect a rough patch ahead on the invention of new laws creating internet crimes.  Perhaps this will last a decade.  Maybe forever.  Until technology stands still, there will be people putting it to use criminally harming others, giving people with whom they disagree a good smack, and just having some fun. 

For the time being, make sure that you don’t pretend to be anyone you’re not on the internet.  Or at least make sure your internet musings don’t find their way to California.  Certainly, that can’t be too difficult to accomplish.

In Fairness To Prosecutors

A turf war has broken out between some good folks in the criminal law blawgosphere, which has ballooned from anger at  Mark Bennett’s schadenfreude following the drunk driving arrest of Harris County assistant Lester Blizzard.  The problem goes back to Blizzard’s arguing for life in prison for Jim Howard III for, you guessed it, drunk driving (that resulted in two deaths).  Blizzard argued that the court needed to “send a message.”

Former prosecutor turned defense lawyer,  Murray Newman responds by challenging the hypocrisy of criminal defense lawyers in general, Bennett in particular.

I never relished in the misery of a defendant that I was prosecuting.  I was always keenly aware of the repercussions prosecuting somebody had on collateral matters such as a defendant’s family, his job, etc.  

Somewhere along the way, people picked up the erroneous perception that prosecutors, and by extension, police officers do their jobs because they just truly enjoy ruining people’s lives.  They enjoy the power trip.  They enjoy the chaos.

Those same defense attorneys, who will gladly stand by any accused murderer, rapist, or pedophile, will vocally celebrate if a police officer or (fingers crossed!) a prosecutor gets arrested for anything.  Die-Hard civil libertarians who will (rightfully) proclaim any citizen’s Presumption of Innocence, suddenly forget that standard if the person accused is a public servant enforcing the law.

It is a double standard beyond comprehension to me.

Taken from a particularized instance to a generic battle, this blew up into a seething animosity lurking just below the surface between prosecutors and defense lawyers.  It spawned posts by  Matt Brown and Jeff Gamso about the relative nature of our work, our relationship with legal concepts and human reality, and the philosophical foundation for irony.  These are all big concepts.

I prefer to go small. 

Unlike some “of my ilk,” I don’t separate the criminal justice world into good and evil.  I’ve shared drinks and meals with prosecutors (more drinks than meals, though).  I believe that they serve a necessary function, and I appreciate their doing their job.  When I think they’ve gone over the top, I tell them.

Other criminal defense lawyers won’t sit at a table with a prosecutor.  They hate them for what they do. They turn our respective functions into a passion play, good and evil.  We are righteous. They are evil.  Life is simple.  They take pride in zealotry, and condemn their counterparts for being too much like them.

I don’t know what sort of person Lester Blizzard is.  Maybe he’s a zealot, the sort of prosecutor who wields his sword like the avenging angel doing God’s work on earth.  Maybe he was ordered by his supervisor to seek the maximum for Jim Howard.  Maybe he believed that life in prison was the right sentence for a particularly unsympathetic person who went on to kill two people while driving drunk. 

I reach no moral conclusion, though my views on drunk driving preclude my agreeing with the last explanation.  If there’s one thing I’ve learned in almost thirty years in the trenches, my views on such matters are not universally shared.  It doesn’t mean that those who disagree with me are wrong or evil.  Well, yeah, they are wrong, but that’s only because I’m right. Still, reasonable people may differ, and disagreeing with me doesn’t make someone a bad person.

Something different, however, is at stake here.  We are all held to account for the things we say and do when we take a stand.  Lester Blizzard took a stand.  He announced to the world that drunk driving was a wrong of such magnitude that man must never again breath free air to send a message to all the others who would engage in similar conduct.  Blizzard drew a line in the sand that, he argued, must not be crossed.

And then he goes and gets arrested for crossing it.

That’s a problem.  Not because of a double standard, where police and prosecutors are inherently undeserving of the same presumption as everyone else.  Not even because of the wall separating good and evil in the minds of zealots.  But because one guy, Lester Blizzard, uttered words from his lips for the world to hear that drew an immutable line in the sand for everyone.  Everyone includes Lester Blizzard.

I’ve lived my life taking strong stands.  At no time did I delude myself into thinking that I could be so bold, so arrogant, as to think that if I spoke out, clearly and loudly, against something, I wouldn’t get my butt handed to me on a platter if I got caught violating my own rule.  There would plenty of nice folks out there happy to call me a liar, a hypocrite, a scoundrel, if I didn’t adhere to my own set of beliefs.  And I would deserve it. 

There was never any doubt in my mind that my words would come back to haunt me, and so I’ve tried to conduct my life in a way that comports with the things I espouse so that I wouldn’t have to bear that criticism.  I’m human, and thus frail, and thus haven’t always done as well as I should have.  But by and large, I’ve kept to my words.  I’ve taken some hits for being true to my beliefs.  If I was willing to play the game, I could be a rich man today, but I’ve chosen integrity instead.  It’s a costly choice.

So Lester Blizzard was arrested for drunk driving.  Maybe he didn’t do it.  Maybe he did, but only in the legal sense, meaning .08% BAC but in complete control of his faculties and perfectly safe to others on the road.  Nothing Mark Bennett said suggests that he would take pleasure in seeing Blizzard convicted, or disbarred, or sent to prison for life.  It far simpler.  He held out the irony for the world to see. 

If Lester Blizzard was right to argue for life in prison for Jim Howard in order to send a message, then Mark Bennett is right to point out Lester Blizzard’s fall from grace.  That too is a message that needs to be sent, because prosecutors sometimes forget that they’re part of the same fail race as the rest of us.  One of the fundamental premises of criminal law is “there but for the grace of God go I.”  There goes Lester Blizzard.  Maybe tomorrow, it will be Murray. Or Mark.  Or me.

Reality has a funny way of teaching all of us lessons we need to learn, but it sometimes does so in particularly unpleasant ways.  Maybe the lesson for Blizzard is that he shouldn’t be so strident about denouncing an evil and demanding a sentence that, after some more deliberation and less rhetoric, really could happen to anyone. 

If there’s a broader message to be found in this situation, it’s that the higher you put yourself on a pedestal, the farther you have to fall.  Put another way, neither side sits at the right hand of God, and we are all subject to human frailty.  Wearing prosecutor pants doesn’t make one the Angel of Righteousness.  Neither does wearing a criminal defense tie.

But I’m not done yet.

In a comment to Bennett’s post, Murray makes the point that Mark, having written mean things about prosecutors now and in the past, shouldn’t expect to his schadenfreude to be easily forgiven.

As far as the issue of what my initial blog post was about, there is something very disingenuous about being a member of the defense bar who celebrates the arrest of someone just because they are a prosecutor. That’s foolish, and I’ll be damned if there isn’t old Mark Bennett justifying why the pleasure is there.


You are certainly entitled to your opinions, but don’t be so outraged that others find you condescending and pompous and say so in response.


Like so many things in life, criticism is a two way street.  Whether Bennett “celebrates” Blizzard’s arrest, he certainly didn’t endear himself to Harris County prosecutors or former prosecutors who still feel the weight of the sword they carried in office.  It may not be fair for Murray to compare the two, but fairness doesn’t enter into the mix.  Just as Blizzard must face the consequences of taking a stand, so will Mark Bennett.  

There may be some angry prosecutor who goes out of his way to make Bennett’s life a bit more miserable tomorrow because of the words he wrote yesterday.  Bennett no doubt realized that might be the case, and yet chose to write them anyway.  He will tough it out.

We all bear the consequences of our choices, one way or the other.  If you can’t take the heat, then hide under your bed and say nothing.

Institutional Memory

George Santayana warned that those who don’t remember the past are condemned to repeat it.  Seth Godin, on the other hand, warns that telling someone that’s not the way we do things about here stifles innovation and creativity.  Fortunately, one can learn from the past without being constrained by it.

The blawgosphere can be troubling in its lack of institutional memory.

Institutional memory is a collective set of facts, concepts, experiences and know-how held by a group of people. As it transcends the individual, it requires the ongoing transmission of these memories between members of this group.

Institutional memory may be encouraged to preserve an ideology or way of work in such a group. Conversely, institutional memory may be ingrained to the point that it becomes hard to challenge if something is found to contradict that which was previously thought to have been correct.

Every newcomer to the blawgosphere sees virgin territory, a place where nothing existed until they arrived.  It smacks me in the face every time a commenter here informs me of a case that she believes critical to a current post, unaware that there are seven previous posts at SJ specifically on the subject.

But what really started me thinking about institutional memory, and yes, the blawgosphere has become an institution in my way of thinking, was  Blawg Review Ed’s twit of  old Number 38 by Evan Schaeffer.  The date on this BR was January 2, 2006, and it was posted at Evan’s weblog, Beyond the Underground, subtitled, Notes and observations since January, 2004.

What were you doing in January, 2004?

To provide a little context, Simple Justice was born on February 13, 2007.  I hadn’t even heard of the blawgosphere in January, 2004, no less considered becoming a part of it.  By the time I did, it was already in full bloom.  From Evan’s BR #38, you’ll find some familiar names:



In mixing it up, weblog authors instinctively know they should provide relevant, quality information. But what about opinion? Some lawyer-webloggers seem afraid their opinions will offend readers or generate unwanted controversy. But if you can say it on an Op-Ed page, you can say it in a weblog. Besides, in the blogging business, controversy is good.



Example At Crime & Federalism, Norm Pattis isn’t afraid of sharing his strong opinions. In “Just Move Padilla,” he chastises both the Bush administration and the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals for their handling of the Jose Padilla case. “All this pussyfooting around creating special rules, precedents and issues relating to the so-called war on terror devalues the currency of liberty.”


Example Colin Samuels of Infamy or Praise is another strong writer who isn’t afraid of sharing his opinions on a weblog. In “You Can’t Spell Sedition Without I,D,I,O,T, and S,” Samuels defends the right of citizens to engage in unpatriotic speech in wartime while at the same time recommending against it. Says Samuels, “As an American, you have the right to root against your own nation in time of war, but doing so does not make you a good American.”


Example Legal webloggers are notable for using their expertise to create posts containing analysis you just can’t find anywhere else. Considers these two recent Enron-related posts by Tom Kirkendall at Houston’s Clear Thinkers : “Causey plea deal expected today” and “Causey pleads to seven years.” Another site that contains great analysis is The Volokh Conspiracy. Did you see Orin Kerr’s recent post, “Legal Analysis of the NSA Domestic Surveillance Program“? Wow.


Even back then, posts about learning to blog from the old-timers were popular.  Then again, not every blawg from the old days survived.


Example At Crescat Sententia, Will Baude provides readers with two links on First Amendment issues in his post, “… Shall Make No Law …” Says economist David Friedman boldly in one of the linked pieces, “the existence of public schools is inconsistent with the First Amendment.”

Example Among law-related webloggers, it’s law students who seem to have the easiest time revealing their personalities on their weblogs. Examples abound, but I enjoyed the fun of waiting with Matt Schuh last week for the cable guy in his post at Matt Schuh Online, “Liveblogging Waiting for the Cable Company.”

Example There are many personal things, of course, that would be foolish to reveal on a weblog. How do you strike a balance? Scheherazade Fowler of Stay of Execution (a longtime legal weblogger who recently took a job outside the law) had a recent post on this very topic, titled “Private Journals and Real-Name Blogging.” Key quote: “If I were trying to use this blog to appear professional and accomplished, I wouldn’t write half the things I do.”

Ancient history, though at the time they were in their prime. 

The message is that there already exists a wealth of knowledge and experience in the blawgosphere, even though you’re not aware of it.  When you assume that no one has thought of that bit of brilliance that dawned on you as you read a post, or decided to put pen to paper (metaphorically), chances are pretty good that it’s not only been thought about, but written about.  Maybe even written about a dozen times.

When I first became aware of the existence of the blawgosphere, I went on a long walk, reading what the stalwarts wrote, seeing how the big time blawgs handled themselves, dealt with things, thought about our legal world.  To the extent anyone would give a hoot about anything I had to say, I realized that it would require that I mesh into an existing structure.  Not conform, so much, as not clash.

While my purpose from the outset was to have an outlet for my thoughts, I hoped to find others with whom to have a discussion about things that interested me.  It seems like a fun idea.  But it was apparent from the outset that all these well-established blawgs would either ignore my existence, or worse yet, crush me like a bug, if hubris guided my entry.  They were here.  They were good.  There was a reason why they were the big boys and I was some piddling newcomer.

By the first time I hit the “publish” button, there were some who wondered whether the blawgosphere was already stagnant, dying a slow death after everything had already been said.  It can feel that way sometimes.  That’s why new life, new blood, new ideas, are always needed.  That doesn’t mean, however, that just because an idea popped into someone’s head that it’s a good idea.  While the blawgosphere will always need new blood, it doesn’t necessarily need your blood.

A reader sent me a link the other day about a relatively new blog that I read initially then put on ignore.  The blogger, unhappy about being ignored, came up with some assumptions about why the established blawgs didn’t immediately recognize his genius and embrace his wisdom. 

He rationalized that others lacked his courage, his boldness, his insight.  Nah. He just overestimated the worth of his ideas, and underestimated the value of institutional memory.  He’s not the first newcomer who thought he could change the world overnight.

There’s a big blawgosphere out there.  Sure, it’s far fuller today than it was back in January, 2006 when Evan Schaeffer did Blawg Review #38.  But fuller doesn’t necessarily mean better.  We’re stuffed to the gills with junk, and whatever opportunity this afforded those lawyers whose purpose was to backlink and SEO their way to page one of Google, the ship has likely left the port and sailed around the world a few times.

But there’s still plenty of room for solid, quality thought in the blawgosphere.  Just remember, should you decide that today is the day you want to express your most brilliant thoughts, that others came before you.  It doesn’t mean your thoughts aren’t brilliant, but you would probably do well to remember that the blawgosphere didn’t come into existence the moment you arrived.

Mr. Cuomo, Tear Down That Wall

In the remake of President Ronald Reagan’s famous demand to Mikhail Gorbachev, read with the precision that only a trained actor could achieve, Andrew Cuomo  began his administration as Governor of New York.



In his first act as governor, Andrew Cuomo Saturday symbolically moved toward his promise to open up government to the people.


Crews were busy at work removing concrete barriers erected in front of the state Capitol under then Gov. George Pataki following the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.


 He was also preparing to open up the historic Hall of Governors that houses his suite of offices as well as portraits of past governors.


Dubbed “Fort Pataki,” the wing was sealed off from the public early in Pataki’s tenure.


This morning, the doors were open and the security desk moved to the side.


Like you, I’m a huge fan of symbolic gestures, particularly ones that bring the powerful closer to the rest of us.  Of course, Governor George Pataki’s concern that he would be a target of terrorists, who would squander their efforts on bringing Albany to its knees, might be seen as a bit overwrought nearly a decade later.  

The concrete barriers that protected him from the common folk have long since been paid for, and Cuomo, scion of Mario, a governor who knew how to keep the people happy at arm’s length with only a look, knows that some changes are needed.  After all, the last anointed governor, Spitzer, didn’t do too well.

In all fairness, New York State thrived under Mario Cuomo, the personification of the old saw, “I love mankind; it’s people I can’t stand.” 

Our new Governor has a decade of legislation and policies borne of fear, the decade of “better safe than sorry” that excused overreaching across the criminal justice system.  The concrete barriers and closed off corridors of power are very much symbols of what became of the State of New York.

The question now is whether this symbolic gesture reflects a change in how the Governor of the State of New York plans to do business, or is merely a gesture.  As I did when Eliot Spitzer assumed office, I wish Andrew Cuomo both the luck and fortitude to bring the legal system of New York back to its historic position of leadership and courage, an example of how a government can function by protecting the civil rights and individual freedoms of its citizens.

Thank you, Andrew Cuomo, for tearing down that wall.  But it’s only the first step.  I hope you inherited the strength of your father, even though Chris got the good looks.

If you need any help, let me know.

H/T Turk

Pick 2: Quick, Cheap or Fair

Disorderly conduct, the catch-all offense for all manner of human activity that annoys police, was getting out of hand in Washington, D.C.  After all, it’s a city filled with hostile, antagonistic, belligerent nutjobs, even when Congress isn’t in session.  The cops were overwhelmed.

A plan was needed to take the burden of trivial matters off the police and courts, while allowing the cops to maintain order.  They came up with one that worked spectacularly well, until now.  After the cops hauled you in for a dis con, all you had to do was pull $35 out of your pocket and you’re on your way. No muss. No fuss.

Until some lawyer (isn’t it always a lawyer?) took issue with the scheme and  sued  for $1.2 million (plus $700k for his wife).  Now there’s fuss, largely because this isn’t  some slippery lawyer trying to make a quick buck.


You might be rolling your eyes at this point at the idea of a lawyer kicking up that kind of a fuss over a $35 fee; this is the town that brought us the Infamous Pants Lawsuit, after all. But when I read the LT item, the lawyer’s name, Hamilton P. Fox III, sounded familiar, so I did what any self-respecting web writer would do: I Googled.


Hamilton Fox was an assistant prosecutor on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force. He was an investigator on the House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct in the 1983 Congressional page scandal. He was a defense attorney on appeal for Jonathan Pollard, the naval intelligence employee convicted of spying for Israel. My point is: this guy actually DOES have better things to do than sue the District over $35.


Isn’t it curious how some people can’t seem to stay away from scandal?  Fox took issue with a procedure called “post & forfeit,” an ingenuous little plan to cut out the middleman.


It’s sort of an abbreviation of usual procedure: Ordinarily, if you’re arrested, you can be released “on citation,” which just means you get a piece of paper telling you when to report for court; or you have to post some kind of collateral against your appearance at some future court date in the form of bail or bond. You either show up for court and get your money back, or you don’t, and you forfeit the money, along with any other consequences the court may impose for blowing it off.

If you get arrested for a trivial offense and the police decide they’d rather not deal with sending you to court, they can offer you another option. The officer hands you a form, tells you how much money you need to post-and-forfeit, and you can go home, directly from the station. You pay something that looks like bail, forfeit it in a way that keeps you out of court (or a real jail cell), but without the actual legal nicety of having the option to go to court and argue your case before a judge.

You gotta admit, it’s cheap and quick, though the cash pay out ranges rom $25 to $1000, the high end perhaps stretching a bit.  Still, certainly better than having to sit around in a jail cell awaiting arraignment.  Maybe even better than paying bail and being required to return to court, where you end up with a quickie plea for some silly conduct that disturbed a cop, and being fined anyway.  For many people, they would much prefer this option over the routine.

That doesn’t mean it’s without problems, however.  First, what if you didn’t engage in disorderly conduct, and aren’t in the mood to be railroaded because your conduct was perfectly lawful, like contempt of cop, and you’re not inclined to let the cop get away with it?  Your choice is to refuse the “post & forfeit” option and cool you heels in lockup until you’re arraigned.  Not a pleasant option, which means that a lot of folks who might otherwise fight the charge and say mean things about the police find themselves inclined to buy their way out rather than fight the good fight.

The second problem is more insidious, that it serves as an incentive for cops to arrest anybody they want, regardless of basis, knowing that no one will ever scrutinize or challenge their actions in court.  Sweep up a few hundred people who just won’t listen, then collect some cash and everybody’s happy.  The groundlings learned their lesson, the City made some money, and the judges aren’t bothered with any of it.  It’s win, win, win, provided you have blind faith in the police to never abuse their power and use it for less than savory purposes.

Though not quite a splashy sort of scheme, this “post & forfeit” plan can affect huge numbers of individuals with a fundamentally improper, and unconstitutional, deprivation of the ability to challenge their arrests.  The flagrantly coercive nature of the scheme, trading off the right to challenge for a night in jail, strikes just the right balance to make any reasonable person walk away from his rights.  It really is quite the brilliant scheme, but for its inherent impropriety.

Of course, if the cops issued citations, what we in New York call a desk appearance ticket, it would mean that all those naughty people would end up clogging the courts and being a terrible burden on judges.  Bummer. 

That would mean that judges would be compelled to do what they’re paid to do, adjudicate the propriety of arrests and charges, or, in the hopeful alternative, toss the cases of people whose only crime is pissing off police and hold the police up for public ridicule for their abuse of power. 

As for the moral of the story, it’s one thing to screw with a lawyer, but  don’t make his wife (or her husband) cry.

Best Criminal Law Blawg Post of 2010

Despite the resounding success of the first annual Best Criminal Law Blawg Post, the second blew it away.  The swarms of locusts that seek to devour the blawgosphere failed to make 2010 the year that the criminal law blawgs were reduced to an intellectual wasteland.  We survived.  Against all odds, we thrived.

The quality and diversity of the offerings made the selection of a best blawg post extremely difficult, nearly impossible.  It was akin to comparing apples and carburetors, a task that can’t really be accomplished.  For that reason, I would be remiss in not recognizing some of the great achievements along the way.

First, this post by Sam Morrison at the  LA Times blog about “the deep-seated institutional bias of the Justice Department against the exercise of executive clemency,” is startling and one of those must-read posts.  Then there’s the post by the Military Underdog, Eric Mayer, on the fragility of attaining the right outcome.

Jeff Gamso, whose posts are never drivel, drove home the hypocrisy within our own ranks, while Norm Pattis, in a very imaginative series, told of Gerry Darrow, the trench lawyer who never was, breaking the glass ceiling of power.  Striking a similar chord was  Matt Brown’s realization of how power rests in the hands of the ignorant.

Walter Reaves’ painful memories of the execution of the innocent Todd Willingham, as was  Public Defender Revolution’s Carol opening her own wounds.  Then there is the unempathetic work of empathetic lawyering, as  Mark Bennett and  Brian Tannebaum consistently provide, and with which  Rick Horowitz struggles.

There are a wealth of criminal defense lawyers who offer their time and thoughts both to broaden our collective knowledge base, from the more banal aspects of our work in the trenches to the broader philosophical issues that leave us year after year wondering how and why we strap on our briefcases to try to defend the accused for one more day.

It goes without saying that there are blogs that seek nothing more than to capture the search of the latest drunk driving defendant, or offer explanations, counsel, views that are seriously misguided, sometimes dangerously so.  These use of words can serve to enlighten, or mislead and confuse, and it is the duty of lawyers, particularly in our niche of the profession, to not allow others to walk away from the blawgosphere stupider than when they arrived.

The best of the blawgosphere does that; it both raises our wisdom and dispels the foolishness.  It’s not acceptable to play on the ignorance or emotions of the very people who need us for one’s self-interest or aggrandizement, and I salute the excellent work of the criminal law blawgosphere for the not always pleasant work of keeping our corner a better place.

Yet, one post stands out among all the others, and they are great others, to be the Best Criminal Law Blawg Post of 2010.  The winner of the second annual award is a not-as-young-as-he-used-to-be Public Defender, who oddly is seen in the mind’s eye of almost everyone across the blawgosphere as an old white man wearing less than fashionable glasses.  And he likes it that way.

The Best Criminal Law Blawg Post of 2010 goes to Gideon at A Public Defender for Life Without Possibility of Redemption, combining almost every aspect of what lawyers in the criminal law blawgosphere have to offer.  Substance, passion, the banal aspect of our work implicating deep philosophical roots, integrity and brutal, clear honesty.

Gideon has been at the foundation of the criminal law blawgosphere for a long time, before I arrived, and has never wavered in his commitment to making every person who reads his words better for having spent the time.  This year’s award couldn’t go to a more deserving blawger, and I’m honored to count myself among Gideon’s readers and admirers.

Gid, this badge (from the fingertips of Amy Derby) goes to you:

badge1

(Sticky) Nominations Open for 2nd Annual Best Criminal Law Blawg Post

When this happened last year, I had no idea whether it would be great or a complete bust.  As it happened, the response was spectacular and gave everybody an opportunity to offer their best and everybody else a chance to read it if they somehow missed it. 

Last year’s winner was Jeff Gamso.  For all you newbies who think that there are too many entrenched blawgs and you can’t break in, Gamso was a newbie last year and blew everybody away.

So here’s the deal:

Anybody can “nominate” a post for the honor, including their own.  SJ posts are off limits.  You can nominate them anonymously, with great fanfare, just by name or with a detailed explanation of why you think a post is the best.  It can be a post from a criminal defense lawyer, a prosecutor or a non-lawyer, provided it’s subject is criminal law.  It can even be a post by a lawprof. You can nominate as many posts as you like.

For this contest, and for this contest only, I will allow links to be included in comments to the posts (not just the blawgs, but the actual posts) nominated.  Spam links will be deleted.

This is a chance to think back over the year and give everyone some great posts to read, to ponder, to discuss and maybe even change some minds.
And just to be clear, it doesn’t matter if you’re brand-spanking new or an old hand, a dear friend or a complete unknown.  This is all about substance, not popularity, tribes, networking, branding or bonding.  If I smell anyone trying to use this as a marketing opportunity, they’re out of here.  Spam = banned.

I invite anyone and everyone to offer the best the blawgosphere has in criminal law.  Spread the word, and let others know that this is their opportunity to show their stuff, get a backlink, and let the rest of the blawgosphere know what they’re doing.  

Nothing posted at Simple Justice is eligible. The winner will be announced on New Years Day.

Judging will be entirely on my shoulders, and I will be as arbitrary and capricious as I please, so there’s no complaining about the choice.  That said, I will do my best to select the blawg post that best reflects our finest work, our highest tradition, our deepest thoughts and our best purpose in putting words on a computer screen.  For anyone who doesn’t trust me to be fair, find a better offer elsewhere. 

Best of luck and I look forward to seeing some great stuff.

Update:  A couple of additional thoughts.  First, blawgers should feel free to nominate themselves, which is particularly important for those who may not yet have the recognition they deserve and provides a good way to get your best stuff out there for others to see.

Second, the “Best” is generally considered to refer to quality over quantity.  While there is no limit placed on the number of posts nominated, offering, oh, say 14 posts suggests that the concept of “Best” may be a bit muddled, which is not likely a good reflection on the purposes of the nominator.