The Future of Independent Agencies

There are only three branches of government, despite what the bureaucracy believes, and that’s a problem. In the 1935 decision in Humphrey’s Executor, the Supreme Court carved out an exception to the president’s power to remove executive branch officials where the congressionally created position was intended to be independent of the president because it exercised quasi-judicial and quasi-legislative authority. Sure, it was listed under the executive branch of government as the catchall for commissions and agencies that didn’t fit in elsewhere, but they were hybrids such that the president could not fire officials at will.

Head of the Office of Special Counsel, Hampton Dellinger, son of renowned former solicitor general and SJ reader, Walter Dellinger, is putting the vitality of Humphrey’s Executor to the test. Continue reading

Deep Thoughts For The Simple Minded

A bastardization of a quote by Napoléon, perhaps, but just as useful for any politician, anarchist, psychotic or flaming nutjob who wraps himself in faux virtue as an excuse for whatever crimes he commits.

There are any number of other quotes by people of far greater virtue than Napoléon worth considering. Take Montesquieu, for example. Continue reading

Gulf Of Trumpkin

The AP Stylebook has long been a bible of journalism, the “definitive source,” for largely pragmatic reasons. No newspaper could have a reporter everywhere news arose, and so news services, the Associated Press and United Press International (before it imploded) provided reports that newspapers would publish. To maintain consistency in word usage, spelling and choice, newspapers followed the AP’s guidance. It was rarely controversial, until now.

President Donald Trump has signed an executive order to rename the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America. The body of water has shared borders between the U.S. and Mexico. Trump’s order only carries authority within the United States. Mexico, as well as other countries and international bodies, do not have to recognize the name change. Continue reading

Seaton: The Kendrick/Drake Feud Is Faker Than Pro Wrestling

Good morning and Happy Valentine’s Day to those who celebrate such things. I’m in a mood and ready to ruin some people’s good day, so let’s get right to it.

Did you watch the Super Bowl Halftime show this year? Did you understand a bit of it? If you did, then you are not a 44-year-old white father of two who listens to Pat Benatar and Steely Dan on a regular basis. Not that there’s anything wrong with that, mind you.

Anyway, that short fellow was a rapper named Kendrick Lamar. And his Super Bowl halftime show was basically his “Wrestlemania moment” in his ongoing feud with Canadian rapper Drake. Continue reading

Toobin’s Flaccid Excuse

The other day, I queried what newly appointed SDNY United States Attorney, Danielle Sassoon, would do when ordered to surrender her office’s independence to former Trump criminal defense lawyer, Emil Bove’s, demand that she dismiss the prosecution against New York City mayor, Eric Adams, as a purely political gesture. In her letter in response, Sassoon made clear that she would rather resign than be complicit in Bove’s, Bondi’s, and ultimately Trump’s, corruption of the Department of Justice. She was not alone in her choice.

Jeffrey Toobin’s new gig is at the New York Times, where he tries his best to blunt the rigid positions taken by the ethical enemy.

In the shambling Democratic response to the onslaught of changes wrought by President Trump in the first weeks of his second term, there has been one bright spot. Democrats control the attorney general’s office in 22 states, and they have filed the most important — and, so far, most successful — cases against controversial Trump administration initiatives.

Just as Bove’s view of the legal system is merely a tool to be used in furtherance of political ends, Toobin’s grasp is no less cynical. The attorneys general haven’t turned to the courts because they believe they have friends on district court benches who will do their bidding, but because one of the judiciary’s purposes is to determine whether the actions taken by the executive branch violate the law and Constitution.

The courts may not be the only guardrail for abuse of power, but they are an intentional hurdle. Since the Republicans in Congress have chosen to forsake their constitutional duty to oversee the functioning of the executive branch under the misguided view that it’s their job to rubber stamp whatever the president wants to do, the legislative branch has forfeited its role in our tripartite scheme. That leaves the judicial branch to do the heavy lifting. It might be a lot to put on the shoulders of judges, but that’s the job.

Toobin then does the Democratic version of what the worst twitter trolls like to do, and what Linda Greenhouse preciously did with a vengeance before them. Toobin makes it all about party.

Simple necessity has led Democrats, who are shut out of power in Washington, to rely on their attorneys general, but this strategy has its limits. Even these initial victories face uncertain futures in a federal judiciary dominated by Republican appointees, and, more to the point, liberals have often placed undue emphasis on achieving political change through the courts.

Does Toobin suggest that only judges appointed by Democrats are competent, fair and ethical? Can Republican appointees to the bench not be trusted to apply the law fairly, without fear or favor, even if it means that they enjoin the actions of a pseudo-Republican president or hold his wild changes to be unlawful or unconstitutional? Yes. Yes he does.

Liberals love lawyers. The first-term resistance, for example, fell hard for Robert Mueller, who as a special counsel in the Justice Department led an investigation into Mr. Trump’s ties to Russia. (There were “In Mueller We Trust” T-shirts and Mueller action figures.) Notwithstanding the hopes invested in Mr. Mueller as a dragon slayer, the political effects of his investigation turned out to be modest at best. Mr. Trump’s current adversaries have now passed the heroic mantle to the state attorneys general.

Putting aside that the “#resistance” wasn’t liberal, but progressive, and that everybody loves/hates lawyers according to what ends they seek, Mueller was not a judge, but a special prosecutor. That crazed partisans wanted Mueller to do their bidding by taking down Darth Cheeto has little to do with what is happening in the legal system now. Mueller still offers a useful analog by his executing his duties ethically, even if that meant he fell short of the resistance’s expectations that he would be their hero. He had a job to do and he did it, and no more. Whether you think he did his job well or poorly isn’t the point. He did not exceed his mandate despite the million pink-hatted partisans wishing and hoping he would.

There is little doubt that Danielle Sassoon had the shiniest of Republican bona fides. She was no RINO as the Trumpkins say to dismiss any conservative who won’t drop to their knees upon command. But what Sassoon was, to their fury, was a conservative whose ethical compass precluded her selling her honor to the likes of Emil Bove and his masters.

The federal judiciary is made up of judges appointed by Democrats and Republicans. Contrary to what too many groundlings believe, most are quite conservative, having backgrounds in the United States Attorneys office and Biglaw, where they catch a senator’s eye. But contrary to Toobin’s assumption, there is no reason to believe that they will be any less ethical, less honorable, less dedicated to the faithful administration of the law than Danielle Sassoon. Sure, they are Republicans, but they are judges first and they know what their duty is, even if Toobin does not.

If it turns out the the attorneys general prevail in their actions against Trump, it’s not because of friendly judges, but because their legal arguments are meritorious. And should the attorneys general lose, it should not be assumed it’s because they suddenly ran head first into Republican appointed judges, but because their arguments fell short.

SJ Turns 18

The first post here was a fluke. I had nothing to do one day, and Dr. SJ wanted to get me out of her hair, so she told me, “start a blog.” So I did. That was February 13, 2007. That was 13,414 posts ago, not to mention 300 drafts that never saw daylight.

I have no clue what I thought would happen when I started SJ. I certainly didn’t expect to be here 18 years later, still cranking out posts long after most of the blawgosphere gave it up, moved on, died or got indicted. There was once a thriving blawgosphere, with the practical criminal law blawgosphere one of the most vibrant. Many are still friends. Some are not. Much has changed over the past 18 years. Continue reading

Trump “Pauses” Dubious FCPA Enforcement

The snarky reaction to one of Trump’s latest “delusional” Executive Orders is that he’s legalizing bribery. Who could possibly think legalizing bribery is okay? But this time, there may be actual method to his madness. The Executive Order addresses a problem that American businesses face but businesses in other countries do not, which puts enterprises in an untenable position.

But overexpansive and unpredictable FCPA enforcement against American citizens and businesses — by our own Government — for routine business practices in other nations not only wastes limited prosecutorial resources that could be dedicated to preserving American freedoms, but actively harms American economic competitiveness and, therefore, national security.
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Will Sassoon Succumb? (Update)

I presume Eric Adams innocent of all charges against him, as he’s not yet been convicted of any offense. But that by no means suggests that the evidence against him isn’t strong. The United States Attorneys office for the Southern District of New York has long been recognized as two things. First, it’s a chickenshit club, one that doesn’t bring cases it isn’t essentially certain it can win. Second, it’s been the paradigm of prosecutorial independence, existing apart from the political influences of Main Justice.

Trump’s former defense lawyer, Emil Bove III, has put the latter to the test by ordering Danielle Sassoon, the United States Attorney, to drop charges against New York City Mayor Eric Adams. Continue reading

Vance’s Call To Defy The “Illegal” Judges

Since Marbury v. Madison, judicial review has been a bedrock principle of American constitutional jurisprudence. Some don’t care for it, given that it presents a limitation on the authority of the president to do whatever he pleases, and yet it has served this nation well. You would think a Yale Law grad would recognize this, even if it meant he had nothing to say in defense of his boss whose knowledge and grasp of law, governance and Constitution ranged from none to none. You would be wrong.

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Judge Engelmayor’s TRO: Just The Law

If one were to believe the voices of outrage on the twitters, Southern District of New York Judge Paul Engelmayor just stopped Treasury Secretary Scott Bressent from being allowed into his own computer system, from overseeing his own department’s payment system. The alternative to losing one’s head is reading the decision, but too few are sufficiently interested in thinking to be bothered. I am not.

The States contend that this policy, inter alia, violates the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”), 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq., in multiple respects; exceeds the statutory authority of the Department of the Treasury; violates the separation of powers doctrine; and violates the Take Care Clause of the United States Constitution.

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