Side note: When you try to make a point by setting up straw-man arguments, you invariably get your butt kicked because your argument will be shown to be vapid by your reliance on false premises. It’s a bad and dangerous strategy.
So what does Mark have to say?
Some believe that it is not okay to make a record against the client, but that it is okay for a lawyer to reveal such privileged communications if revelation would not hurt the client — for example, if the communication was one that the lawyer was ethically required to make. New York criminal defense lawyer Scott Greenfield holds this opinion. He will preserve confidentiality, but not at the cost of antagonizing the judge unnecessarily. (The argument that lawyer communications are not privileged because they are ethically required has no legs.)
The point starts out on a false premise. Mark takes the view that stating to a judge that you have transmitted a plea offer to a client is a privileged communication. It’s not. It never had been, and no other lawyer takes such an extreme view. But by using that as his starting point, Mark taints all other lawyers (except him) with violating privilege. That’s convenient, but clearly wrong.
No one ever suggested that revealing privileged communications were permissible “if the revelation would not hurt the client.” I never suggested that revealing privilege communications was permissible. That’s the problem with straw-man arguments, they fail at the start and just go downhill from there. If Mark’s going to attribute an opinion, he has to come a whole lot closer to the truth to maintain credibility. He went way off the mark on this one.
My point was clear (not to mention stated numerous times here, at A Public Defender and at Mark’s blawg). It is not unethical to state anything that does not reveal a confidential or privileged communication, or compromise your client’s position, but the better practice is to say nothing with regard to communications if at all possible. The only caveat (and this applies only to the better practice, not to disclosure of privileged communications which cannot be disclosed under any circumstances) is that it is unwise, and unhelpful to your client, to needlessly antagonize the judge by refusing to answer a question as to a NON-PRIVILEGED communication.
Mark also did something similar to Gideon, where he framed Gid’s opinion this way:
Some believe that it is okay for a lawyer to reveal such privileged communications to pretermit a possible future claim of ineffectiveness — to “make a record” against the client.
While Gideon is of the view that making a record of what happened is appropriate (whereas I say that the less said, the better), he did not argue that the purpose was to “pretermit a possible future claim of ineffectiveness.” That was Miranda’s position, not Gid’s, and even Miranda abandoned it when the error of her thinking was pointed out, Gideon never suggested the practice of “defensive lawyering,” which I define as putting the lawyer’s interest ahead of the clients’, and we are all in agreement that defensive lawyering is wrong and intolerable. I really can’t explain why Mark would attribute that position to Gideon, but it’s just not accurate.
And what about Mark’s view? As I said before, his position provides a nice bright line test: Refuse to say anything no matter what. My problem with this extreme position is that there are questions posed by a judge that are fully appropriate, such as “did you tell the defendant about the prosecution’s plea offer,” and the refusal to respond to such a fully appropriate question is going to piss off the judge, and rightfully so. Mark is willing to take the heat for antagonizing the judge, which is fine when the judge steps over the line. But when the judge is in the right, antagonizing her harms your client’s cause. Harming the client is what we must NOT do, and extreme positions that harm the client do not make a criminal defense lawyer “tougher”, they make a criminal defense lawyer dangerous.
So let’s recap:
1. Informing a defendant of a plea offer is an obligation of the criminal defense lawyer.
2. Responding to a judge’s question of whether you have told your client of a plea offer does not disclose any privilege whatsoever. Going beyond this, and into any of the substance of what was said between lawyer and client does reveal privilege.
3. The better practice is to tell a judge that you, as a criminal defense lawyer, always fulfill your obligations to your clients, which though non-responsive, will satisfy most judges and end the inquiry.
4. Do not antagonize a judge by refusing to respond to appropriate inquiries, as this will cause needless harm to the defendant’s cause.
5. If the judge oversteps his bounds, then you are obliged to refuse to respond, and whatever antagonism that may result cannot be avoided. That, as Mark says, is part of the job.
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Mea Maxima Culpa
My friend Scott Greenfield is miffed about my characterization of his perspective on the question of when we should answer questions that the judge asks us about what we have told our clients.Scott thinks that I’m accusing him of being unethical — untrue
Privilege Breakdown
After Gideon’s two posts (here and here), Scott Greenfield’s two posts (here and here), and my two posts (here and here), here’s how I see attitudes about the revelation of communications from the lawyer to the client shaking out:Some (edit: but not Gideo